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What is Column ?

A column or pillar in architecture and structural engineering is a structural element that transmits, through compression, the weight of the structure above to other structural elements below. In other words, a column is a compression member. The term column applies especially to a large round support (the shaft of the column) with a capital and a base or pedestal, which is made of stone, or appearing to be so. A small wooden or metal support is typically called a post, and supports with a rectangular or other non-round section are usually called piers.

Types of Column

Columns are classified based on the several conditions which include:

Based on Types of Reinforcement
Based on Types of Loading
Based on Slenderness Ratio
Based on Shape
Based on Construction Material

Types of RCC Column based on Shapes

Circular for exposed outside for good architecture view
Square or rectangular traditional for any structure

Column Orientation

Ø Advantages : What are the Different advantages

Ø Process: What are the Steps

Columns should preferably be located at (or) near the corners of a building, and at the intersection of beams/walls. Select the position of columns so as to reduce bending moments in beams. Avoid larger spans of beams. Avoid larger centre-to-centre distance between columns.

Column reinforcement works needs following checklist on site:

Check the numbers and diameter of vertical bars
Spacing between vertical bars
Check Development length which depends on diameter of bar
Lapping in alternate bars should come at same height.
Lapping should not come inside beam or slab.
Lapping should be at l/3 or 2l/3 of column as per structural notes
Spacing between stirrups is as per the drawing
Hook should be bend properly at right angles.
Check the stirrups corner. Vertical bar should come at right angle edge of stirrup properly bound with binding wire.

INDIAN STANDARD CODES

· IS CODES FOR BUILDING DESIGN

The following codes help engineers to design buildings:

o IS 456–2000. It is code of practice for the design of plain and reinforced concrete. It was first brought out in 1953. It was revised in 1957, 1984 and the latest revision is in the year 2000. It gives specifications or specifies the other codes for the requirement of various materials used in making concrete. It classifies concrete into various grades based on 28 days concrete cube strength. It specifies the methods and care to be taken in transporting, placing, compacting and using of concrete. It gives general design considerations, special design requirements and gives design procedure for various structural elements by limit state method approach. Both strength and serviceability requirements are to be satisfied in the design.

o IS 800–2007: It titled as General Construction in steel-code and practice. To achieve efficient and optimum standards for structural steel products, Indian Standard Institution initiated action in 1950 and was able to bring out a code in 1956. The code was revised in 1962, 1984 and the latest revision is in the year 2007. It gives guidelines for various class of steel, loads to be considered in the design and the method of designing steel members by limit state method. It gives the serviceability requirements to be fulfilled in the design

o IS 875–1984: It is the Indian Code of practice for Design Loads for Building and Structures. It is available in five parts. Specifications are available for taking loads such as dead loads, live loads, wind loads, snow loads, crane loads etc. Dead load depends upon the type of structures and also on the part of structure. Wind loads and snow loads depend upon the region, location of site, slopes of building roof, height of building etc. The code gives the guidelines for determining these loads on the building to be designed. Code also gives the combination of loads to be considered in the building design

o IS 1343–1980: It is the code of practice for prestressed concrete. It gives guidelines for selecting materials, specifies workmanship, inspection and testing. General design requirements and limit state method for structural design are presented. Requirements for durability are also specified.

o IS 1893–2002: It gives criteria for Earthquake Resistant Design of Structures. IS 4928–1993 is the code of practice for Earthquake Resistant Design and Construction of Buildings. IS 13827–1992 gives guidelines for Improving Earthquake Resistance of Low Cost Strength Masonry Buildings.

o IS 13920–1997: It is the code of practice for Ductile Detailing of Reinforced concrete structures subjected to Seismic Forces. IS 13935–1993 gives guidelines for Repair and Seismic Strengthening of Buildings.